Steam-generator.



No. 717.823. PATEK-TED JAN.`-6, 1903..

'3. DBNEAL.

.STEAM GENERATOR.

APPLwATIoH ULEB DEG. 23, 1901.

. PATBNTED JAN. 6, 1903.

J. DENAL.

STEAM GENERATOR.

APPLIGATION FILED DEG. 2a, 1901.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

N0 MODEL.

cc. Puma-uma., vilas-mman, x; i;

boiler on line Y Y of Fig, 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. I

JACKSON DENEAL, OE TOLEDO, OHIO, AssIeNOR or Two-EIEIHS To STEPHEN BROPHY, OE TOLEDO, OHIO.

STEAM-o EN ERATO R. Y

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 717,823, dated January 6, 1903.

Y Application filed December 23,1901. Serial No. 86,914. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JACKSON DENEAI., acitil zen of the United States, residing at Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, have '5 invented a new and useful Improvement in ro to provide a compact, durable, economical,

and highly-elicient generator of the kind having a proportionately large area of heatingsurface and adapted to rapidly generate steam and utilize an increased percentage of :5 the heat produced from the fuel.

A further object is to provide a generator ot the kind in which the water-tubes are readily accessible for cleaning, easily detached for repair, and adapted to expand and conzo tract Without causing leakage.

I accomplish these objects b y constructing a generator as hereinafter described, andillustrated in the drawings, in Which-.h l

Figure 1 is a vertical section through the horizontal section through the same on line X X of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a part elevation and part section of the boiler. Fig. 4 is a modied form of Water-tube shown in Fig. 1. Fig.

3o 5 is a cross-section through the heater, and

Fig. 6 is an isometric view of a corner-frame.

In the drawings, A is a generator comprising the boiler 1, having the water-legs 2, forming the inclosed combustion-chamber 3 and connected by the Water-tubes 4, and B is a heater mounted on the boiler and connected to the combustion-chamber 3 by the due 5 and adapted to further utilize the heat escaping through the iiue. The boiler 1 and wa- Io ter-legs 2 are formed, preferably, of the crown-sheet 6, the outer sheet 7, the cornerframes 8, and the bottoms 9, as hereinafter described. Sheets 6 and 7 are each shaped in the form of the heraldic cross humette and are each formed by cutting equal squares 5o with the arm portions of sheet 6, but are of greater length, and the central squares 10 Fig. 2 is a 13 of the legs perpendicular to the plane of the square 10. Thus formed, sheet 7 is irnposed over sheet 6, standing on its bent arms, withthe plug-sheets 13 parallel with the tube- 4sheets 12 and the square 10 parallel with the square `11. In this position the bifurcated corner angle-frames 8 of the form shown in Fig. 6 are inserted between the plates 12 and 13'at each corner and secured therein by rivets 15, extending p through both plates and the frame. V The bottom openingsof the legs thus formed are closed by barsv 9, similarly riveted, which completes the lboiler-shell 1 and its legs 2. At suit-able intervals throughout the area of the shell and the legs are provided stay-bolts 16, extendingthrough the sheets. The open corners between the legs are closed by the detachable angle-plates 17, secured to the corner-frames ,8 by tap-bolts threaded into the frames.v Opposite tubesheets 12 are provided with transverse orices 18 for` the tubes 4, which are alined in rows slightly inclined from the horizontal at regular intervals from the top to the bottom throughout the area of the sheets, the rows of orifices of one sheet being relatively lower than the rows of orifices in the opposite sheet of the pair, whereby when the ends of the tubes 4 are secured in the orifices of opposite sheets 12 each of the tubes will be inclined at the same angle as the individual tubes relative to the sheets of the other pair, the orifices of which are set in inclined rows opposite the intervals between the rows of the first pair.

In theouter sheets 13, in alinement with and opposite each end of the tubes 4, are provided the threaded orifices 19, into which are threaded the plugs 20, of a diameter slightly greater than the orifices of the tubes. When the ends of tubes 4 are inserted in the orifices 18, they are secured therein by an expander inserted through the orifices 19, by which the IOO tubes are expanded and beaded to engage the tube-sheet in the usual manner, and the plugs 2O of any tube being removed the tube may be tightened or removed Without interfering with or removing any other tube or tubes. By the arrangement of the tubes as shown and described the area of heating-surface is Very greatly increased proportionate tothe dimensions of the generator. rlhe tubes are preferably formed laterally sinuous, with the sinuations all on one side of the line of the tube, as shown in Fig. 2; but they may be alternate on opposite sides, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, whereby the linear expansion of the tubes is taken up by the curves of the tubes without straining or loosening their connections with the tube-sheets 12, and the heating -surface is thereby further increased. When the curves are on one side of the tubes only, as in Fig. 2, the tubes of each row are set with the curves in one direction, the direction being reversed in alternate rows between each pair ot' legs, as illustrated in Fig. 2, wherein in the upper left quarter is shown the top row between one pair of legs, in the Vupper right quarter the top row between the other pair of legs, and in the lower left and right quarters, respectively, the second row between each pair of legs, by which arrangement it will be seen that there are no direct vertical lines of draft between the tubes and that a larger number of tubes may be used, thereby increasing the heating-surface as well as increasing direct contact of each tube with the heated gases, utilizing a larger percentage of the heat and cansinga more rapid generation of steam. In such construction the tubes of each pair of legs are set in vertical rows as well as in rows inclined from the horizontal; but where tubes of the form shown in Fig. 5 are used the orifices for the tubes and plugs are preferably staggered, as shown in Figs. l and 3. I do not limit myself, however, to the use of sinuous tubes, .and all the tubes may be straight or part straight and part sinuous, as shown in Fig. 1.

The heater B comprises the cylindrical shell or drum 2l and an annular steam-drum 21', concentric within the drum 2l and comprising the outer shell 22, the inner shell 23, concentric to the outer shell, and the annular heads 24, closing the ends of the annular drum and secured therein in any suitable manner and stayed by bolts 25 lengthwise of the drum. Central of its length drum 2l is provided with a flue 26 of a diameter to tit over the end of flue 5, whereby the drum 21 is supported above theV boiler 1 and connected with the combustion-chamber 3, and the steam-drum 2l is connected with the steamspace of the boiler l by the pipes 27, formed of sections suitably coupled by unions or fianged couplings 28, and each having one end threaded into a suitable orifice through the outer sheet 7 of the boiler and the other end extending through the wall of the outer drum 2l and similarly secured in the outer shell 22 ofthe steam-drum 21. The outer drum 2l is provided with the exit-flue 29 at one end, and the steam-drum 21 is provided with the steam-main 30, extending through the wall of the outer drum. Between the inner and outer drums there are interposed the diaphragms 3l, extending longitudinally from end to end of the outer drum and having their ends connected by the reversely-disposed arches 32, by which the heat and gases from the flue 5 are compelled to pass around and along the lower half of the drum 2l and through its central ue 33 and over the upper half of the drum to reach the exit-ue 29, as indicated by arrows in Fig. 1, thereby utilizing the waste heat to superheat the steam if the waste gases are of higher temperature than the steam or reduce radiation if the temperature of the steam is higher than that of the escaping gases.

By the inclination of the water-tubes 4, the water-line being abovev the crown-sheet, as shown in Fig. 1, I attain a free circulation from the lower toward the higher ends of the tubes and vthence upward through the legs to which the higher ends are secured, over the crown-sheet, and downward through the legs to which the lower ends of the tubes are attached, the resultant currents being diagonally across the crown-sheet to the next adjacent leg instead of through the opposite legs, from which it is apparent that the return liow from the tubes of each pair of legs is back through the tubes of the other pair.

The water-feed pipe 34 is connected by branch pipes 35 and'36 to the legs to which the lower ends of the tubes 4 are secured, near their bottoms, by which the water having the lowest temperature is made to circulate through the lower rows of tubes nearest the re.

It is apparent that a generator of reduced capacity may be made by simply omitting one pair of legs and their connecting-tubes and that such omission may be made without requiring other than the omission of the side plates 13 of such legs and a simple and obvious change in the forms of the frames 8 and the plates 17. For generators of small size and capacity they are preferably so constructed.

What I claim to be new isl-. In asteam-generator, the combination of an outer and an inner plate having equal center portions parallel and horizontal, and end portions of equal width, the end portions of the inner plate being bent at right angles to the central portion and of the outer plate curved outward and downward parallel with the end portions of the inner plate; end plates closing the top, side, and bottom openings between the outer and inner plates and riveted thereto around their edges, and forming with the outer and inner plates a boiler-shell having vertical rectangular water-legs opening into the water and steam space between the horizontal central portions of the outer IOO IIO

and inner plates; plates secured to end plates of the legs andforming with the inner plate acombustion-chamber for the shell; aiiue for the combustion-chamber ext-ending centrally through the top of the shell; parallel rows of inclined water-tubes connecting opposite legs; plugs in the outer plate opposite the ends ot' the tubes; stay-bolts at intervals through the outer and inner plates of the shell and secured thereto; a water-feed pipe connected to one or more legs of the shell and a steam pipe or pipes tapping the steam-space. Y

2. In a steam-generator, the combination of an outer and an inner plate having equal center portions parallel and horizontal and end portions of equal width, the end portions of the inner plate being bent at right angles to the central portion and ot the outer plate curved outward and downward parallel with the end portions of the inner plate; end plates closing the top, side, and bottom openings between the outer and inner plates and riveted thereto around their edges, and forming with the outer and inner plates a boiler-shell having vertical rectangular water-legs opening into the water and steam space between the horizontal central portions of the outer and inner plates; plates secured to adjacent end plates of the legs and forming with the inner plate a combustion-chamber for the shell; a flue for the combustion-chamber eX- tending centrallythrough the top of the shell; parallel rows of laterally-sinuous inclined water-tubes connecting opposite legs; plugs in the outer plate opposite the ends of the tubes; stay-bolts atintervals through the outer and inner plates of the shell and secured thereto; a water-feed pipe connected to one or more legs of the shell and a steam pipe or pipes tapping the steam-space.

3. In a steam-generator, a Water-boiler supported onY vertical rectangular water-legs at the sides of the boiler, connected together at their inner corners by plates and having separate openings .thereto from the body of the boiler, and forming a combustion-chamber; inclined water-tubes connecting opposite legs, and extending through the combustion-chamber; plugs in the outer plates ot' the legs opposite each end of each tube, a central vertical lue for the combustion -chamber -eX- tending through the boiler; a heating-drum mounted on the flue; a steam-drum having a central flue, concentric with the heating-drum and having pipe connection with the steamspace of the boiler, and a steam-main; diaphragms in the heating-drum adapted to direct the heat from the ii ue around and through the steam-drum; and an exit-line for the heating-drum. j

4. Ina steam-generator, a water-boiler supported on vertical rectangular water-legs at the sides of the boiler, connected together at theirinner corners by'plates,and havin g separate openings thereto from the body of the boiler, and forming a combustion-chamber;

`in the heating-drum adapted to direct the heat from the llue around and through the steam-drum, and an eXit-iiue for the heatingdrum.

5. In asteam-generator, the combination of an outer and an inner plate having equal center portions parallel and horizontal and end portions of equal Width, the end portions of the inner plate being bent at right angles to the central portion and of the outer plate curved outward and downward parallel with the end portions of the inner plate; end plates closing the top, side, and bottom openings between the outer and inner plates and riveted thereto around their edges, and forming with the outer and inner plates a boiler-shell having vertical rectangular water-legs opening into the water and steam space between the horizontal central portions of the outer and inner plates; plates secured to end plates of the legs and forming with the inner platea combustion-chamber for the shell; a Hue-for. the combustion-chamber extending centrally through the top of the shell; a series of latroo erally-sinuous water-tubes connecting opposite legs, the tubes being all inclined from the horizontal and arranged in parallel rows laterally inclined from the horizontal, with the rows of tubes of one pair of legs alternating with the rows of the other pair across the combustion-chamber; plugs in the outer plate opposite the ends of the tubes; stay-bolts at intervals through the outer and inner plates of the shell and secured thereto; a water-feed pipe connected to one or more legs of the shell and a steam pipe or pipes tapping the steamspace.

6. In a steam-generator, the combination with water-legs located on opposite sides of a combustion-chamber, of water-tubes connecting the water-legs and extending through the combustion-chamber at an inclination from the horizontal and having coincident lateral sinuations all on one side of' a line axial to the ends of the tubes.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 16th day of December, A. D. 1901.

JACKSON DENEAL.

lNitnesses:

I. E. MAcoMBER, Guns. A. BoAKn.

IIO 

